| 摘要: |
| 目的 草原畜牧业是青海省重要的支柱产业之一，草畜平衡是草原可持续利用和畜牧业高效生产的前提。利用遥感信息与地面调查数据探讨草畜平衡监测评估方法，为青海省草原资源合理化利用和保护、畜牧业乃至区域经济的健康可持续发展提供技术支撑。方法 通过建立地面调查可食产草量与NDVI数据间定量关系模型，结合干鲜草折算系数和放牧利用率对不同类型天然草地产草量进行反演；再基于各类牲畜养殖数量的入户调查资料和合理载畜量有关标准，对2017年青海省草畜平衡进行定量评估。结果 青海省不同草地类型产草量与NDVI呈显著指数函数关系；草地干草总产量为2 774.49万t，其中西宁市、海北州和黄南州干草单产最大，超过1 000 kg/hm2，西北部荒漠草原区单产最小，在300 kg/hm2以下；人工草地产草量为补饲来源最主要部分，达1 548.22万t，青稞饲料次之，为917.19万t，再次为秸秆补饲量775.93万t，粮食补饲量最少，为418.91万t。结论 2017年青海省牧区县合理载畜量为3 378万羊单位，实际载畜量为3 748万羊单位，载畜平衡指标为11%，总体处于临界超载状态，其中东部和南部地区超载状态严重，西部地区载畜不足，中部地区载畜平衡；半牧区合理载畜量为212万羊单位，实际载畜量为283万羊单位，载畜平衡指标为33%，严重超载。 |
| 关键词: 青海省 遥感监测 草畜平衡 |
| DOI：10.12105/j.issn.1672-0423.20180309 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所2018年开放基金课题：基于Modis数据的青海省农牧区草畜平衡监测及评估研究 |
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| Remote sensing monitoring and evaluating of grassland-livestock balance in Qinghai province |
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Cai Fu1,2,Wang Xuejiang2,Jing Meixiu2,Su Yan2,Bao Haizhong2
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1.Institute of Atmospheric Environment，China Meteorological Administration，Shenyang 110166，China;2.Center of agriculture and husbandry remote sensing of Qinghai province，Xining 810008，China
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| Abstract: |
| Purpose Grassland animal husbandry is one of the important pillar industries in Qinghai province and the grassland-livestock balance is essential for sustainable utilization of grassland and high-efficient production of animal husbandry. Based on remote sensing information and field survey data，the evaluation method of grassland-livestock balance for Qinghai province has been developed，which is able to provide technical support for protecting and utilizing grassland resource and developing sustainably and healthily animal husbandry and regional economics.Method The grass yields of different types of natural grasslands were inversed by using the established quantitative relation model between NDVI and the edible grass yield from field sample survey and integrating conversion coefficients between dry and fresh grass and grazing efficiencies. The grassland-livestock balance status in Qinghai province in 2017 was quantitatively evaluated by considering synthetically the household survey data on the amount of livestock production and the relevant standards on reasonable carrying capacity.Result The relationships between the grass yields of different types of grasslands and NDVI were all significant exponential function. Total amount of hay in Qinghai province was 27.744 9 million tons. More specifically，the maximal yield per unit of hay larger than 1 000 kg/hm2 is distributed in Xining，Haibei and Huangnan prefecture，while the minimal yield per unit lower than 300 kg/hm2 is distributed in the desert steppe area of northwest Qinghai. In addition，the main supplement feed derives from the grass yield of artificial grassland of 15.482 2 million tons，the highland barley feed of 9.171 9 million tons，the straw of 7.759 3 million tons and the cereal supplementary feed of 4.189 1 million tons.Conclusion The major pastoral counties in Qinghai province where the actual grazing capacity with 37.48 million sheep unit is larger than the theoretical that with 33.78 million sheep unit and the index of grassland-livestock（IGL）are 11% are in critical overgrazing level in general in 2017. Specifically，the seriously overgrazed areas are distributed in the east and south of pastoral area and the grazing capacity in the west of pastoral area is insufficient. However，the grassland and livestock in the center pastoral area is in balance. Whereas，the grassland in semi-pastoral area is severely overloaded because the actual grazing capacity with 2.83 million sheep unit is much larger than the theoretical that with 2.12 million sheep unit and IGL is 33%. |
| Key words: Qinghai province remote sensing monitoring grassland-livestock balance |
